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Objective To provide some evidence for choosing the strategy for conducting micturating cystourethrography(MCU) examination in infants under 2 years old with urinary tract infection(UTI) by comparing the clinical examinations in patients under 2 years old with and without vesicoureteral reflux.Methods One hundred and twelve inpatients from Yuying Children's Hospital,Wenzhou Medical University,under 2 years old with UTI from Jan.2009 to Dec.2011 were collected,The incidence of vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) among 3 groups(＜ 6 months old,6 months to 1 year old and 1 to 2 years old) was analyzed and the differences in body temperature,white blood cell,C-reacting protein (CRP),urinary β2-microglobulin (β2-MG),urine N-acety1 glucosaminidase (NAG),ultrasound examination (USG)anomaly and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) anomaly between VUR positive and negative patients were compared.Results The detection rate of VUR and the grade of regurgitation were not statistically different in each age group of infants under 2 years old with UTI.There were 10 cases with urine β2-MG increasing in VUR positive group,significantly higher than those in the VUR negative group(6 cases) (P ＜0.01),but there was no difference in others.Conclusions The urine β2-MG increasing is the intense indication for performing MCU in infant under 2 years old with UTI,and the possibility of VUR in these patients even without fever should also be vigilant.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in renal tissues obtained from children with Henoch-Sch-nlein purpura nephritis (HSPN).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The renal tissue samples were obtained from 11 children with different pathological grades of HSPN and 8 children with thin glomerular basement membrane disease (controls). The MIF expression was measured by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between MIF expression and 24 hrs urinary protein excretions was evaluated using a linear correlation analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MIF expression was seldom found in renal tissues obtained from controls. However, a significantly increased MIF expression was found and was concordant with the increased severity of renal pathology in renal tissues obtained from children with HSPN. The MIF expression in renal tissues of grade III-IV of renal pathology was significantly higher than that in grade I-II in children with HSPN (p<0.01). In children with HSPN, there was an increased MIF expression in renal tissues with crescent formation and inflammatory cell infiltration. Renal MIF expression was significantly positively correlated with 24 hrs urinary protein excretions in children with HSPN (p<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MIF may play an important role in renal injury of HSPN. Up-regulation of MIF expression may reflect the degree of renal lesions in HSPN.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Immunohistochemistry , Kidney , Chemistry , Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors , Nephritis , Metabolism , Pathology , Proteinuria , IgA Vasculitis , Metabolism , PathologyABSTRACT
0.05),but urine levels of MIF in children HSPN increased significantly than those in normal controls(P
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Objective To investigate the significance of helper T cell 1(Th1)/Th2 cytokines unbalance in children with hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis(HBV-GN).Methods The serum levels of interferon-gamma(IFN-?),interleukin-2(IL-2) and IL-4 were determined in 22 children with HBV-GN and 18 children with HBV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),respectively,and the difference of Th1/Th2 cytokines in the 2 groups.Results Serum levels of IL-2 and IFN-? in children with HBV-GN were decreased(P